{"id":3810,"date":"2019-02-12T11:00:37","date_gmt":"2019-02-12T11:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/roshd.com\/?p=3810"},"modified":"2019-08-07T19:29:15","modified_gmt":"2019-08-07T19:29:15","slug":"the-life-of-ali-ibn-musa-al-reza-pbuh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roshd.com\/fa\/the-life-of-ali-ibn-musa-al-reza-pbuh\/","title":{"rendered":"The Life of Ali ibn Musa al-Reza (PBUH)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imam Ali bin Mousa\nal-Reza (PBUH), the eighth Imam of Shiites , is of the progeny of Prophet\nMuhammad (PBUH&HP) and his eighth successor. At age 35 he\nbecame the leader of the Islamic union. His life was contemporary to the\nAbbasid reign and therefore, he suffered great difficulties made by the\nAbbasids. Finally, he was martyred by Ma\u2019moon<\/em> (the\ncontemporary Abbasid Caliph) at the age of 55. This article will briefly\ndiscuss an overview of his life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name, title and\nhonorary name<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name is Ali, his title\nis Abu al-Hassan, and his most famous honorary name is \u201cReza\u201d, meaning\n\u201cSatisfaction\u201d.  According to his son, Imam Muhammad Taqi (PBUH), the\nninth Imam, \u201cThe\nglorious and mighty Lord named him Reza because Allah was pleased with him in\nthe heavens and the Prophet of Allah and the Imams of guidance were pleased\nwith him on earth\u201d. Also, his\nfriends and relatives and even his enemies were satisfied with him (because of\nhis great moral qualities)\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of his famous titles is\nAlim Al Muhammad (scholar of Prophet\u2019s progeny).  His success in the\ndifferent disputes with the scholars of various religions indicates his high\nknowledge. We will discuss some incidents in this article. This ability and\nsuperiority in knowledge is a proof for his Imamat, as it can be inferred from\nhis sayings, all this knowledge is revealed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

His father and mother<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His father was Imam Mousa\nal-Kadhim (PBUH), the seventh Imam. He was martyred by Haroon<\/em> on\n138 (AH). His mother was Najmah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

His birth<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imam Reza (PBUH) was\nborn on in the year 148 on the 11th<\/sup> of Ziqadah in Medina.\nIt is narrated from his mother that: \u201cWhen I was pregnant, I didn\u2019t feel\noverweighed. When I was asleep, I heard the sound of praising Allah and the\nword of \u201cLa Ilaha Illa Allah\u201d from my womb, but when I got up, I heard nothing.\nWhen my baby was born, he put his hands on the floor and raised his head up and\nmoved his lips, as he was saying something\u201d2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Similar happenings have\nbeen narrated for other Imams or prophets, such as Jesus (PBUH), who\naccording to the Quran, talked to the people although he was in a cradle.3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His life in Medina<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Before traveling to Marv<\/em>,\nImam Reza (PBUH) lived in Medina; city where the shrine of Prophet\nMuhammad (PBUH&HP) and his father\u2019s grave exists. He was\noccupied with guiding people, indicating Islamic educations and Prophet\u2019s (PBUH&HP) Sirah\n(manner and behavior).  People of Medina loved him and\nassumed him as their father. Although he had spent most of his life in Medina,\nhe had many followers throughout the Islamic counties. He points out this fact\non a discussion about succession: \u201cIn fact succession didn\u2019t make a distinction\nfor me. When I was in Medina, people in east and west obeyed me and nobody\nwas superior to me. They told me their requirements and I granted their\nrequests and they treated me as a magnate.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

His Imamate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His Imamate was announced\nrepeatedly by his father, grandfathers, and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH&HP).  Especially\nImam Kazem (PBUH) mentioned him as the Imam after himself several times. For\ninstance, one of his followers narrates, \u201cOne day Imam Kazem (PBUH) came\nto us, holding his son\u2019s (Ali) hand. We were 60 people. He said:\u201d Do you know\nme?\u201d I said:  \u201cYou are our leader.\u201d He said:\u201d Say my name and title.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I said:\u201d You are Mouse bin\nJafar bin Muhammad. \u201dHe said:\u201d Who is this with me?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I said: \u201cAli bin Mouse bin\nJafar.\u201dHe said: \u201cSo profess that he is my representative during my life and my\nsuccessor after my death.\u201d4<\/a><\/sup> He is\nfurther introduced as the eighth Imam in a saying of Prophet (PBUH&HP) narrated\nby Jaber.  Also, Imam Sadegh (PBUH) told\nImam Kazem (PBUH&HP) that the knowledge of Prophet\u2019s (PBUH&HP) progeny\nis of your sons and he is your successor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Political situations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imam Reza\u2019s (PBUH) Imamate\nlasted eight years, which can be divided into three periods:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-The first ten years was\ncontemporary to Haroon\u2019s caliphate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-The next five years was\ncontemporary to Amin\u2019s caliphate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3-The last five years was\ncontemporary to Ma\u2019moon\u2019s caliphate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was during the first\nperiod that great disasters, especially the martyrdom of Imam Kazem (PBUH),\nhappened to the Alavi people (the children of Imam Ali (PBUH)).  Haroon\nwas instigated to kill Imam Reza (PBUH), but had\nnot found the opportunity. After Haroon, Amin became the caliph.  At\nthat period, the government was weakened.  Amin was drowned in his\ncorruption and paid no attention to Imam and his\nfollowers.   This period was peaceful for Imam and his followers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, Ma\u2019moon killed his\nbrother, Amin, and became the caliph.  He suppressed the objectors\nand gained the control of all the Islamic countries. He gave the leadership\nof Iraq to one of his agents and settled in Marv.  He then\nchose Fazl ibn Sahl, who was a great politician, as his\nminister.  But the Alavi people were a threat to his government.\nAfter suffering murder, plunder and torture for a century, they had found the\nopportunity to object the government and to overthrow it. They were successful\nin gaining people\u2019s support, because they also had suffered great losses from\nthe Abbasid Caliphate.  Therefore, Ma\u2019moon decided not to confront\nthem and wanted to bring back peace and security to strengthen his government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So, after consulting Fazl,\nhe came up with a treacherous plan. He decided to offer the caliphate to Imam\nReza (PBUH) and withdraw himself.  Because whether the Imam\naccepted or not, it would still be a victory for Ma\u2019moon.  If Imam\naccepted, and became Caliph allowing for Ma\u2019moon to be the vice-caliph, that\nwould guarantee the legitimacy of Ma\u2019moon\u2019s government. Thus Ma\u2019moon decided to\nforce the position of Caliph on Imam.  It was then easier for him to\neliminate 
\nImam Reza (PBUH) and become the legal leader.   In this case,\nthe Shiites would consider his government to be legitimate and would be\nsatisfied with it and accepted him as Imam\u2019s successor.  Furthermore,\nthe risings made against his government would lose their attraction and\nlegitimacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, if Imam didn\u2019t\naccept the caliphate, he would then oblige Imam to be his successor and\nguarantee the legitimacy of his government through this to weaken the\nuprisings. On the other hand, he could make Imam settle near himself to control\nImam and suppress his followers. In addition, Imam Reza\u2019s (PBUH) Shiites\nand followers would criticize him for not accepting the caliphate and he would\nlose his respect among them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The journey to the Khurasan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To accomplish his mentioned\ngoals, Ma\u2019moon sent some of his special agents to Imam Reza (PBUH) in Medina to\nforce him to set on a journey to Khurasan. He also ordered to take Imam\nReza (PBUH) through a path that has the least number of Shiites. The\nmain roads in those days were the roads to Kufa, Jabal, Kermanshah,\nand Qom, which were all mainly Shiite cities.  It seemed\nprobable to Ma\u2019moon that Shiites may get excited when they see Imam and prevent\nhim to continue his travel to stay with them instead.  To prevent\nthese troubles, Ma\u2019moon made Imam Reza (PBUH) travel\nthrough the paths of Basreh, Ahvaz, and Fars to Marv. His agents\nalso watched Imam continuously and reported to Ma\u2019moon on all of Imam\u2019s\nactivities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Selselah al-Zahab (The\nGolden Chain) tradition<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wherever he stopped, during\nhis journey towards Marv, he caused for many blessings upon the\npeople.  At one point on his way, he entered the city\nof Neishaboor.  A large crowd of people gathered to welcome his\nentrance.  Meanwhile two learned men who had recorded many prophetic\ntraditions came with scholars of Hadith<\/em>, took the halter, and said:\n\u201cYou, the great Imam and you, the son of great Imams, for the sake of your\ninnocent fathers and your great grandfathers, show us your shining face and\nnarrate us a tradition from your fathers and your great grandfather, the messenger\nof Allah, to be as a reminder for us\u201d. Imam ordered to stop and the people\nobeyed.  Once they saw his face, they became so happy that some of\nthem start crying and some who were close to him kissed his\ncarriage.  A big clamor was made throughout the city so, the elders\nof the city wanted people to be quiet so they could hear a tradition from Imam\nReza (PBUH).  After a while the crowd got silent and Imam dictated\nthis tradition word by word from his honored father which was narrated from his\npure grandfathers and from the messenger of Allah (PBUH & HP) and from\nGabriel and from Almighty Allah that: \u201cThe word of  La<\/em> <\/em>Ilaha<\/em> <\/em>Illa<\/em> <\/em>al-Allah<\/em>5<\/a><\/sup> <\/sup> is my\nfortress (then whoever says this has entered my fortress) and whoever enters my\nfortress will be saved from my punishment\u201d. Imam paused for a while and then\nsaid, \u201cBut on some conditions and I am one of its conditions.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This tradition indicates\nthat one of the necessities of saying the word of  ,La Ilaha Illa al-Allah<\/em>which is\nto strengthen the principle of divine unity, is confirming his Imamat, obeying,\nand accepting his words and deeds that has been specified by the Almighty\nAllah. In fact Imam believes the Oneness of God (Towhid<\/em>) as a condition\nof being safe from Allah\u2019s punishment and the acceptance of leadership and\nMastership (Imamat and Wilayat) as the condition of believing in Oneness of\nAllah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Succession to Caliphate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When Imam Reza (PBUH) entered\nMarv, Ma\u2019moon welcomed him royally and publicly through a speech in front of\nall the key characters of government.  He said: \u201cAll should know that\nI do not know anyone better and more deserving on succession than Ali ibn Moosi\nal-Reza in descendants of Abbas or Ali (PBUH)\u201d.  After\nthat he turned his face to Imam and said: \u201cI have decided to dethrone myself\nand announce you as the Caliph\u201d.  Imam Reza (PBUH)said: \u201cIf\nAllah has specified Caliphate for you then it is not permitted to give it to\nanother one and if it is not yours then you do not have the authority to give it\nto another one.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ma\u2019moon insisted on what he\nwanted but Imam said: \u201cNever will I accept that\u201d. When Ma\u2019moon got\ndisappointed, he told Imam: \u201cThen accept to be the Caliph after me, and\nsuccessor of me\u201d.  The insistence of Ma\u2019moon on his wants and Imam\nReza\u2019s (PBUH) refusal lasted for two month.  He did not accept\nand said, \u201cI have heard from my fathers that I will die before you and will be\nmartyred with poison and angles of the earth and skies will cry for me and I\nwill be buried in the land of nostalgia beside Haroon\nal-Rashid\u201d.  But Ma\u2019moon insisted on succession of Imam Reza (PBUH) in\nsuch way that he threatened Imam to death in a secret and private ceremony.\nThus Imam said: \u201cNow, since I am obliged, I accept it but on the condition that\nI do not appoint or depose anyone and do not change any custom or rule and\ncontrol affaires imperceptibly\u201d. Ma\u2019moon had no choice but to accept this\ncondition.  After that Imam raised his hands and said: \u201cO, my God,\nyou know that they opposed me under duress and I chose it by force. So please\ndo not take me to task just as your two prophets, Yousef and Danial, when they\naccepted the leadership position of the kings of their time. O! My God, there\nis no vow except yours and no Mastership except of yours. So please help me to\nestablish your religion and to follow your prophet\u2019s custom.  Indeed,\nwhat a good master and a good assistant you are\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The scientific aspect of\nImam<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When Ma\u2019moon saw the\nanxiety of people toward Imam considered that his credit among them might\ndiscredit his own position among people.  One of his plans to\ndiscredit Imam instead was through holding debates between Imam and the\nscholars from allover the world.  He was hoping that maybe the\nscholars would be able to win the debates and defeat Imam in science to\nquestion his scientific knowledge. One of the debates goes as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ma\u2019moon ordered Fazl ibn\nSahl to invite all the philosophers and learned men from all over the world to\ndebate with the Imam.  Fazl then invited the Christian scholars, the\nlearned of Jewish scholars, headmasters of Saebin (followers of the prophet\nYahya (PBUH)), the great Zoroastrian priests, and other speakers of that time.\nMa\u2019moon greeted them and asked them to debate with his cousin (Ma\u2019moon was of\ndescendants of Abbas, the Prophet\u2019s (PBUH&HP) uncle,\nand so Imam\u2019s cousin) that has come here from Medina. Tomorrow morning\nMa\u2019moon held a glorious ceremony and sent a man to Imam Reza (PBUH) to\ninvite him to that ceremony. Imam accepted his invitation and told him: \u201cDo you\nwant to know when Ma\u2019moon will repent of his deed?\u201d He said: \u201cYes, dear Sir\u201d.\nImam said: \u201cWhen Ma\u2019moon hears my reasons for disproving Jewish from torah,\nChristians from Bible, followers of Zaboor from Zaboor, Saebin in their\nlanguage, Fire-worshipers in Farsi, and Romans in their language and sees that\nI disapprove each of them and they leave aside their beliefs and believe in my\nwords. At that time Ma\u2019moon will know that he is not able to do what he wants\nand will repent.  And there is no power except from Almighty Allah\u201d.\nThen he went to the Ma\u2019moon\u2019s ceremony. By his entrance, Ma\u2019moon introduced him\nto the crowd and then said: \u201cI want you to debate with him\u201d. Imam Reza (PBUH) discussed\nthem about their religion through their books. Then he said: \u201cIf there is someone\namongst you who is against Islam ask me without shame\u201d. Umran Sa\u2019ebi, who was\none of the speakers, asked Imam many questions and Imam answered him all one by\none and convinced him. After hearing the answers of his questions from Imam,\nUmran Sa\u2019ebi recited the testimony (Shahadatain<\/em>) and converted to\nIslam.  The ceremony ended with Imam\u2019s victory and the crowd\nscattered. The day after, Imam asked to see Umran Sa\u2019ebi and honored him very\nmuch.  Since then he became one of the missionaries of Islam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raja ibn Zahak, who was\nordered by Ma\u2019moon to move Imam from Medina toward Marv, said: \u201cEvery\ncity he entered, people came to him from everywhere and asked him their\nreligious questions. In turn, he answered them their questions and quoted many\ntraditions from the prophet (PBUH&HP)and Imam\nAli (PBUH). When I came back from that journey, I went to Ma\u2019moon. He asked\nme about Imam\u2019s behavior during the journey and I told him whatever I saw from\nhim during the journey.  Ma\u2019moon said: \u201cYes, son of Zahak! He is the\nbest, the most learned and the most pious person on the earth\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imam\u2019s manner and behavior<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His moral virtues and piety\nwas such that besides his followers and companions his enemies were attracted\nto him. He treated people as respectfully and kindly as possible and never\nseparated himself from the people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of his companions say:\n\u201cI never remember him, talk badly to anyone and interrupt someone while\nspeaking. If he afforded to help, he would never reject any poor and never\nstretched his legs in front of people. I never remember him talk badly to his\nservants. He always smiled instead of laughing loudly. While having a meal, he\ninvited all the servants to have the meal with him. He slept little at nights\nand was used to staying up and saying prayer during almost all nights. He\nalways performed three fasts in the month. He helped the poor secretly in the\ndark nights.\u201d6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of his other companions\nsays: \u201cHis carpet was of sackcloth in winter and a mat in summer. He wore rough\nand coarse clothes at home, but he wore nice clothes in public parties. (He\nwore nice and common clothes.)\u201d7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One night while Imam was\ntalking to his guest, there was a problem with the light. The guest wanted\nto correct it, but Imam did not let him to do so. He fixed it himself and\nsaid: \u2018We are the ones who do not put our guests to work.\u2019\u201d8<\/a><\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A man told Imam: \u201cBy Allah\nI swear that no one on earth equals your ancestors in superiority and\nnobleness.\u2019 Imam said:\u201d Taqwa<\/em> gave them nobleness and\nobedience to Allah gave them superiority.\u201d9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A man from Balkh<\/em> says:\u201d\nI was with Imam Reza (PBUH) during the travel to Khurasan<\/em>. One day while\nhaving a meal Imam invited all the servants including the Blacks to have the\nmeal with them. I told Imam:\u201d It is better they (the servants) sit somewhere\nelse. Imam said:\u201d Be quiet! The creator of everyone is the same. The father and\nmother of all are the same and reward is according to deeds.\u201d10<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The servant of Imam –Yaser<\/em> \u2013\nsays:\u201d Imam Reza (PBUH) had told us that if I was above your head (and ordered you\nto do something) and you were having a meal, do not stand up till you finish\nit. Therefore it frequently happened that Imam called us for a work, and he was\nresponded that he (the servant) is busy having a meal; then Imam would say:\u201d\nLet him finish his food.\u201d11<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One day a stranger came to\nvisit Imam Reza (PBUH).  He said hello and continued:\u201d I love you and your\nfathers and ancestors. I have come back form Hajj<\/em> and have run\nout of money. If it is possible give me some money so that I could go back to\nmy house.  I promise to spend the same amount there as Sadaghah<\/em>,\nfor, I am not poor in my city. Imam stood up and went to another room. Then he\ncame behind the curtain and said:\u201d Get this 200 Dinar<\/em> and\nspend it for your travel, there is no need to pay the same back as Sadaghah<\/em>.\nThe man got the Dinars<\/em> and went. Imam was asked for the reason\nof his secret help, he answered:\u201d I did such, in order not to see the shame of\nneed in his face.\u201d12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Our infallible and great\nImams guided their followers both by sayings and behavior. In other words by\ntheir behavior, they taught their Shiites the true way of behaving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of Imam\u2019s companions\nsaid:\u201d One day I was with Imam on the way to his home. At home his servants\nwere busy repairing the house. Imam saw a stranger among them and asked of him.\nThey answered:\u201d He helps us and we pay him.\u201d Imam asked:\u201d Have you defined the\namount of payment?\u201d They answered:\u201d No, but he accepts whatever we pay him.\u201d\nImam was disturbed and told me:\u201d I have told them many times that before you\nbring anyone, define the amount of payment and contract. The one, who works\nwithout any contraction, thinks that you have paid him little, even if you give\nhim three times more. But if you contract and give him according to the\ncontraction, he will be pleased with receiving his right. Now if you pay more\neven just a little, he will understand you have paid more and will be thankful\nto you.\u201d13<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imam\u2019s servant says:\u201d One\nday his servants were eating fruits.  They ate some and through out\nthe rest.  Imam Reza (PBUH) told\nthem:\u201d Subhanallah! If you do not need it, give it to someone who needs.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A little from Imam\u2019s wise\nwords<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imam said:\u201d The friend of\neveryone is his wisdom the enemy of everyone is his ignorance and silliness.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imam said:\u201d Science and\nknowledge are like treasures, and the key to them is question, so ask and Allah\nmay bless you, because by this question four groups benefit: 1.The asker 2.The\nteacher 3.The listener 4.The answerer\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imam said:\u201d Liking people\nand friendship is half of wisdom.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imam said:\u201d There is a\npiece of advice in everything your eyes see.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imam said:\u201d Cleanliness and\nneatness is of virtues of the prophets.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imam\u2019s martyrdom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ma\u2019moon had told one of his\nservants not to cut his nails, and ordered him to put some poisons in his nails\nand prepare a pomegranate and pollute it with the poison. The servant obeyed\nhis master and prepared the pomegranate. Ma\u2019moon offered the poisonous\npomegranate to Imam. Imam rejected, Ma\u2019moon insisted and threatened Imam that\nhe would kill him if he didn\u2019t eat. Imam ate some pomegranate under obligation.\nAfter a few hours the poison polluted Imam\u2019s body and he became\nill.  The morning of the next day (29th<\/sup> of Safar<\/em> of\nyear 203 H.G.) Imam Reza (PBUH) was martyred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imam\u2019s burial<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By divine will and power,\nImam\u2019s son, Imam Jawad (PBUH) washed his father\u2019s\nbody and said prayer for him. Imam\u2019s body was buried in Mashhad <\/em>with\nthe accompaniment of many of his Shiites and followers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Though centuries pass from\nthe life of Imam Reza (PBUH), his holy shrine is the\ncause of blessing and honor for the Iranians.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Introduction Imam Ali bin Mousa al-Reza (PBUH), the eighth Imam of Shiites , is of the progeny of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH&HP) and his eighth successor. At age 35 he became the leader of the Islamic union. His life was contemporary to the Abbasid reign and therefore, he suffered great difficulties made by the Abbasids. Finally, he was martyred […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28246],"tags":[17745,17762,17813],"class_list":["post-3810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-beliefs","tag-beliefs","tag-imamate","tag-the-life-of-ali-ibn-musa-al-reza-pbuhthe-life-of-ali-ibn-musa-al-reza"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Life of Ali ibn Musa al-Reza (PBUH) - Roshd<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/roshd.com\/fa\/the-life-of-ali-ibn-musa-al-reza-pbuh\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Life of Ali ibn Musa al-Reza (PBUH) - Roshd\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introduction Imam Ali bin Mousa al-Reza (PBUH), the eighth Imam of Shiites , is of the progeny of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH&HP) and his eighth successor. At age 35 he became the leader of the Islamic union. His life was contemporary to the Abbasid reign and therefore, he suffered great difficulties made by the Abbasids. 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