{"id":33592,"date":"2025-09-13T13:58:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-13T10:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roshd.com\/?p=33592"},"modified":"2025-09-21T14:59:30","modified_gmt":"2025-09-21T11:29:30","slug":"what-is-shiism-tashayyu-and-what-do-the-shia-believe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roshd.com\/en\/what-is-shiism-tashayyu-and-what-do-the-shia-believe\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Shi\u2018ism (Tashayyu\u2018) and what do the Shi\u2018a believe?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00a0<\/p>

Question:<\/h2>

What is Shi\u2018ism (Tashayyu\u2018) and what do the Shi\u2018a believe?<\/strong><\/p>

Introduction<\/h3>

To understand Shi\u2018ism, one must first know Islam\u2014the final divine law revealed by God through the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).<\/p>

Islam: Core Beliefs (Brief)<\/h3>

Islam is faith in the One God. Its foundations include belief in all divinely sent messengers and their infallibility, faith in the Qur\u2019an (the final heavenly book), acting upon Islamic rulings, and belief in the Hereafter\u2014resurrection, judgment, reward and punishment.<\/p>

\u201cShi\u2018a\u201d: Lexical and Technical Meanings<\/h3>

Lexically<\/strong>, shi\u2018a<\/em> means \u201cfollower\/partisan.\u201d[i]
Technically<\/strong>, it refers to those Muslims who believe that after the Prophet Muhammad, Imam \u2018Al\u012b b. Ab\u012b \u1e6c\u0101lib (peace be upon him)<\/strong> was divinely appointed as the immediate Imam and successor.<\/p>

The Prophet used the term \u201cShi\u2018a\u201d for the followers of \u2018Al\u012b and the Ahl al-Bayt. In explaining \u201cIndeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds\u2014they are the best of creation\u201d<\/em> (Q 98:7), he said to \u2018Al\u012b: \u201cYou and your Shi\u2018a are the best of creation.\u201d<\/strong>[ii][iii] He also swore that \u2018Al\u012b and his Shi\u2018a will be the successful ones on the Day of Resurrection.<\/strong>[iv] Imam \u2018Al\u012b said: \u201cMy intimate (the Prophet) told me: you and your Shi\u2018a will come to God pleased and pleasing, while your enemies come angered and constrained.\u201d<\/strong>[v][vi]<\/p>

Shi\u2018i Doctrinal Hallmarks<\/h3>

Shi\u2018ism holds that while prophethood ended with Muhammad, the community was not left unguided: twelve divinely appointed Imams<\/strong> were designated as his successors.[vii] The first is Imam \u2018Al\u012b<\/strong>, whose leadership the Prophet repeatedly announced\u2014most publicly at Ghad\u012br<\/strong>\u2014after which the religion was perfected.[viii]<\/p>

Thus, a Shi\u2018a is one who believes in the twelve Imams, and in heart, speech, and action obeys the Prophet and his purified Household. By the Qur\u2019an and the Prophet\u2019s statements, the Ahl al-Bayt are infallible<\/strong> (free from error).[ix] Alongside the Prophet and the twelve Imams, Lady F\u0101\u1e6dimah<\/strong> (peace be upon her) is also included among the purified Ahl al-Bayt.<\/p>

Qur\u2019an and \u2018Itrah (Ahl al-Bayt)<\/h3>

The Qur\u2019an is God\u2019s word revealed to the Prophet. Shi\u2018a believe that the sources of Islamic guidance are the Qur\u2019an and the \u2018Itra<\/strong> (the Prophet\u2019s Household). While the Qur\u2019an contains comprehensive guidance, its true, complete interpretation lies with the Ahl al-Bayt<\/strong>, who are divinely taught and the authentic expositors of revelation. In the Hadith of al-Thaqalayn<\/strong>, the Prophet declared the Qur\u2019an and his Household together to be the twin means of salvation; holding fast to both prevents misguidance.[x]<\/p>

Mahdism (Belief in the Awaited Imam)<\/h3>

A core Shi\u2018i tenet is that a living Imam<\/strong> exists in every age. The Imams are twelve: the first is \u2018Al\u012b; the last is Imam al-Mahdi (may God hasten his relief)<\/strong>, son of Imam al-\u1e24asan al-\u2018Askar\u012b, who since 260 AH lives in occultation<\/strong>\u2014present on earth yet not publicly identified. By God\u2019s certain promise, he will reappear when injustice fills the world, to establish universal justice and peace.<\/p>

This belief nurtures hope<\/strong>, energizes constructive effort, and combats despair, as believers await the divinely promised relief.<\/p>

Worship and Devotional Practice<\/h3>

Beyond doctrine, a Shi\u2018a strives to follow the Qur\u2019an and Ahl al-Bayt in action, character, and lifestyle<\/strong>\u2014upholding the obligations and avoiding prohibitions. Prayer, fasting, \u1e25ajj, and zak\u0101t<\/strong> are pillars of devotion, and wil\u0101yah<\/strong> (allegiance to the Imams) is the condition of their full acceptance.<\/p>

Shi\u2018a cherish pilgrimage to the Sacred House and the Prophet\u2019s Mosque and also visit the shrines of the Imams<\/strong>, seeking God\u2019s grace through them as sanctioned intercessors by His leave. They honor Rama\u1e0d\u0101n<\/strong>\u2014fasting, avoiding sins, reciting the Qur\u2019an\u2014and give special care to the Nights of Qadr<\/strong> (19th, 21st, 23rd).<\/p>

Regular Qur\u2019an recitation is encouraged from childhood so that believers grow attached to its guidance throughout life.<\/p>

Social and Ethical Dimensions<\/h3>

Among the greatest acts is love and loyalty<\/strong> to the Prophet\u2019s Household\u2014the very \u201creward\u201d God commanded for the Prophet\u2019s mission is manifest love (mawadda)<\/strong> for his near kin.[xi] Shi\u2018a therefore hold gatherings to recall their virtues, seek their intercession, and keep their memory alive\u2014while also dissociating<\/strong> from their enemies in a principled, God-centered way.<\/p>

Consequently, Shi\u2018a share in the Ahl al-Bayt\u2019s joys<\/strong> and sorrows<\/strong>; they commemorate the martyrdoms\u2014especially Imam \u1e24usayn<\/strong> (peace be upon him) in Mu\u1e25arram and on \u2018\u0100sh\u016br\u0101\u2014through sermons and elegies that also teach religion and strengthen faith<\/strong>.<\/p>

Ethically, Shi\u2018ism emphasizes truthfulness, trustworthiness, and beautiful character<\/strong>\u2014the very virtues the Prophet came to perfect\u2014and seeks to embody them by modeling the Imams.[xii]<\/p>

Conclusion<\/h3>

Shi\u2018ism is the continuation of Islam as taught by the Seal of Prophets. A Shi\u2018a believes in twelve God-appointed, infallible Imams, and strives to live by their guidance\u2014hopeful for the fulfillment of God\u2019s promise and the appearance of the Riser from the Prophet\u2019s Household to establish justice across the earth.<\/p>

Footnotes:<\/h2>

[i] Mufrad\u0101t Alf\u0101\u1e93 al-Qur\u2019\u0101n<\/em>, p. 470; Kit\u0101b al-\u2018Ayn<\/em>, vol. 2, p. 191.
[ii] Qur\u2019an 98:7 (al-Bayyinah<\/em>).
[iii] Al-\u1e6cabar\u012b, Tafs\u012br<\/em>, vol. 30, p. 265; Ni\u1e93\u0101m Durar al-Sim\u1e6dayn<\/em>, p. 92; al-\u1e62aw\u0101\u02bfiq al-Mu\u1e25riqah<\/em>, p. 161.
[iv] Al-Suy\u016b\u1e6d\u012b, al-Durr al-Manth\u016br<\/em>, vol. 6, p. 379; T\u0101r\u012bkh Mad\u012bnat Dimashq<\/em>, vol. 42, p. 371; Mukhta\u1e63ar T\u0101r\u012bkh Dimashq<\/em>, vol. 18, p. 14.
[v] Kanz al-\u2018Umm\u0101l<\/em>, vol. 13, p. 156, \u1e25ad\u012bth 36483; Shibl\u0101nji, N\u016br al-Ab\u1e63\u0101r<\/em>, p. 78; al-\u1e62aw\u0101\u02bfiq al-Mu\u1e25riqah<\/em>, p. 161; Ibn al-Ath\u012br, al-Nih\u0101yah<\/em>, vol. 4, p. 106; al-Fus\u016bl al-Muhimmah<\/em>, p. 123; Ni\u1e93\u0101m Durar al-Sim\u1e6dayn<\/em>, p. 92.
[vi] Khal\u012bl<\/em> means an intimate, single-hearted friend.
[vii] Al-\u1e6c\u016bs\u012b, al-Am\u0101l\u012b<\/em>, majlis 11, p. 292; Kif\u0101yat al-Athar<\/em>, ch. on the Twelve Imams; al-\u1e24amaw\u012b, Far\u0101\u2019id al-Sim\u1e6dayn<\/em>, vol. 2, p. 320.
[viii] Qur\u2019an 5:3 (\u201cToday I have perfected your religion for you\u2026\u201d<\/em>).
[ix] Qur\u2019an 33:33 (\u0100yat al-Ta\u1e6dh\u012br<\/em>).
[x] Al-K\u0101f\u012b, vol. 1, p. 294; also \u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 Muslim<\/em>, Book of Virtues of the Companions, hadith 2408.
[xi] Qur\u2019an 42:23.
[xii] al-K\u0101f\u012b<\/em>, vol. 2, pp. 636\u2013637, B\u0101b al-Wara\u2018.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 Question: What is Shi\u2018ism (Tashayyu\u2018) and what do the Shi\u2018a believe? Introduction To understand Shi\u2018ism, one must first know Islam\u2014the final divine law revealed by God through the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). Islam: Core Beliefs (Brief) Islam is faith in the One God. Its foundations include belief […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":30709,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[64768],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64768"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is Shi\u2018ism (Tashayyu\u2018) and what do the Shi\u2018a believe? - Roshd<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/roshd.com\/en\/what-is-shiism-tashayyu-and-what-do-the-shia-believe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is Shi\u2018ism (Tashayyu\u2018) and what do the Shi\u2018a believe? - Roshd\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0 Question: What is Shi\u2018ism (Tashayyu\u2018) and what do the Shi\u2018a believe? 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Introduction To understand Shi\u2018ism, one must first know Islam\u2014the final divine law revealed by God through the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). Islam: Core Beliefs (Brief) Islam is faith in the One God. 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